Bill Gates |
Friday, June 10, 2016
Nmap (Network Mapper): Scanning for Open Ports of Remote Server from Local Machine (OS X)
Command (Scanning open ports of a LAN server):
$ sudo nmap -sT -P0 -p 1-65535 192.168.0.6
Password:
Result:
Starting Nmap 7.12 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-07-16 16:34 JST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.6
Host is up (0.0064s latency).
Not shown: 65534 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 34.09 seconds
Command (Scanning open ports of a remote server):
$ sudo nmap -sT -P0 -p 1-65535 remote.servername.com
Result:
Starting Nmap 7.12 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-07-16 16:36 JST
Nmap scan report for remote.servername.com (150.000.000.00)
Host is up (0.053s latency).
rDNS record for 150.000.000.00: ik1-000-00000.vs.hostingservice.ne.jp
Not shown: 65533 filtered ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp closed http
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 436.18 seconds
$ sudo nmap -sT -P0 -p 1-65535 192.168.0.6
Password:
Result:
Starting Nmap 7.12 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-07-16 16:34 JST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.0.6
Host is up (0.0064s latency).
Not shown: 65534 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 34.09 seconds
Command (Scanning open ports of a remote server):
$ sudo nmap -sT -P0 -p 1-65535 remote.servername.com
Result:
Starting Nmap 7.12 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-07-16 16:36 JST
Nmap scan report for remote.servername.com (150.000.000.00)
Host is up (0.053s latency).
rDNS record for 150.000.000.00: ik1-000-00000.vs.hostingservice.ne.jp
Not shown: 65533 filtered ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
80/tcp closed http
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 436.18 seconds
ラベル:
Macintosh,
Network enumeration,
Nmap,
OS X,
Terminal (OS X)
Nmap (Network Mapper): Installing on OS X Using Brew
Command:
$ brew install nmap
Result:
==> Installing dependencies for nmap: openssl
==> Installing nmap dependency: openssl
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2h.el_capitan.b
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2h.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the system
keychain. To add additional certificates, place .pem files in
/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
and run
/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local.
Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries
Generally there are no consequences of this for you. If you build your
own software and it requires this formula, you'll need to add to your
build variables:
LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2h: 1,691 files, 12M
==> Installing nmap
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/nmap-7.12.el_capitan.bottle
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring nmap-7.12.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
Python modules have been installed and Homebrew's site-packages is not
in your Python sys.path, so you will not be able to import the modules
this formula installed. If you plan to develop with these modules,
please run:
mkdir -p /Users/username/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages
echo 'import site; site.addsitedir("/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages")' >> /Users/username/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/homebrew.pth
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/nmap/7.12: 727 files, 23M
$ brew install nmap
Result:
==> Installing dependencies for nmap: openssl
==> Installing nmap dependency: openssl
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/openssl-1.0.2h.el_capitan.b
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring openssl-1.0.2h.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
A CA file has been bootstrapped using certificates from the system
keychain. To add additional certificates, place .pem files in
/usr/local/etc/openssl/certs
and run
/usr/local/opt/openssl/bin/c_rehash
This formula is keg-only, which means it was not symlinked into /usr/local.
Apple has deprecated use of OpenSSL in favor of its own TLS and crypto libraries
Generally there are no consequences of this for you. If you build your
own software and it requires this formula, you'll need to add to your
build variables:
LDFLAGS: -L/usr/local/opt/openssl/lib
CPPFLAGS: -I/usr/local/opt/openssl/include
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/openssl/1.0.2h: 1,691 files, 12M
==> Installing nmap
==> Downloading https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/nmap-7.12.el_capitan.bottle
######################################################################## 100.0%
==> Pouring nmap-7.12.el_capitan.bottle.tar.gz
==> Caveats
Python modules have been installed and Homebrew's site-packages is not
in your Python sys.path, so you will not be able to import the modules
this formula installed. If you plan to develop with these modules,
please run:
mkdir -p /Users/username/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages
echo 'import site; site.addsitedir("/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages")' >> /Users/username/Library/Python/2.7/lib/python/site-packages/homebrew.pth
==> Summary
🍺 /usr/local/Cellar/nmap/7.12: 727 files, 23M
Nmap (Network Mapper) : Installing and Scanning for Open Ports
Command (nmap):
$ nmap
プログラム 'nmap' はまだインストールされていません。 次のように入力することでインストールできます:
sudo apt install nmap
Command (Installing nmap):
$ sudo apt install nmap
[sudo] username のパスワード:
Result:
パッケージリストを読み込んでいます... 完了
依存関係ツリーを作成しています
状態情報を読み取っています... 完了
以下の追加パッケージがインストールされます:
libblas-common libblas3 liblinear3 liblua5.2-0 libxslt1.1 lua-lpeg ndiff python-bs4 python-chardet python-html5lib python-lxml python-pkg-resources python-six
提案パッケージ:
liblinear-tools liblinear-dev python-genshi python-lxml-dbg python-lxml-doc python-setuptools
以下のパッケージが新たにインストールされます:
libblas-common libblas3 liblinear3 liblua5.2-0 libxslt1.1 lua-lpeg ndiff nmap python-bs4 python-chardet python-html5lib python-lxml python-pkg-resources
python-six
アップグレード: 0 個、新規インストール: 14 個、削除: 0 個、保留: 0 個。
6,311 kB のアーカイブを取得する必要があります。
この操作後に追加で 28.1 MB のディスク容量が消費されます。
続行しますか? [Y/n] Y
取得:1 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libblas-common amd64 3.6.0-2ubuntu2 [5,342 B]
取得:2 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libblas3 amd64 3.6.0-2ubuntu2 [147 kB]
取得:3 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liblinear3 amd64 2.1.0+dfsg-1 [39.3 kB]
取得:4 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liblua5.2-0 amd64 5.2.4-1ubuntu1 [106 kB]
取得:5 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxslt1.1 amd64 1.1.28-2.1 [145 kB]
取得:6 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 lua-lpeg amd64 0.12.2-1 [28.3 kB]
取得:7 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-bs4 all 4.4.1-1 [64.2 kB]
取得:8 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-pkg-resources all 20.7.0-1 [108 kB]
取得:9 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-chardet all 2.3.0-2 [96.3 kB]
取得:10 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-six all 1.10.0-3 [10.9 kB]
取得:11 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-html5lib all 0.999-4 [83.1 kB]
取得:12 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-lxml amd64 3.5.0-1build1 [819 kB]
取得:13 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 ndiff all 7.01-2ubuntu2 [20.1 kB]
取得:14 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 nmap amd64 7.01-2ubuntu2 [4,638 kB]
6,311 kB を 0秒 で取得しました (8,446 kB/s)
以前に未選択のパッケージ libblas-common を選択しています。
(データベースを読み込んでいます ... 現在 64750 個のファイルとディレクトリがインストールされています。)
.../libblas-common_3.6.0-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
libblas-common (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ libblas3 を選択しています。
.../libblas3_3.6.0-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
libblas3 (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ liblinear3:amd64 を選択しています。
.../liblinear3_2.1.0+dfsg-1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
liblinear3:amd64 (2.1.0+dfsg-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ liblua5.2-0:amd64 を選択しています。
.../liblua5.2-0_5.2.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
liblua5.2-0:amd64 (5.2.4-1ubuntu1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ libxslt1.1:amd64 を選択しています。
.../libxslt1.1_1.1.28-2.1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
libxslt1.1:amd64 (1.1.28-2.1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ lua-lpeg:amd64 を選択しています。
.../lua-lpeg_0.12.2-1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
lua-lpeg:amd64 (0.12.2-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-bs4 を選択しています。
.../python-bs4_4.4.1-1_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-bs4 (4.4.1-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-pkg-resources を選択しています。
.../python-pkg-resources_20.7.0-1_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-pkg-resources (20.7.0-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-chardet を選択しています。
.../python-chardet_2.3.0-2_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-chardet (2.3.0-2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-six を選択しています。
.../python-six_1.10.0-3_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-six (1.10.0-3) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-html5lib を選択しています。
.../python-html5lib_0.999-4_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-html5lib (0.999-4) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-lxml を選択しています。
.../python-lxml_3.5.0-1build1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-lxml (3.5.0-1build1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ ndiff を選択しています。
.../ndiff_7.01-2ubuntu2_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
ndiff (7.01-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ nmap を選択しています。
.../nmap_7.01-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
nmap (7.01-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) のトリガを処理しています ...
man-db (2.7.5-1) のトリガを処理しています ...
libblas-common (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
libblas3 (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
update-alternatives: /usr/lib/libblas.so.3 (libblas.so.3) を提供するために自動モードで /usr/lib/libblas/libblas.so.3 を使います
liblinear3:amd64 (2.1.0+dfsg-1) を設定しています ...
liblua5.2-0:amd64 (5.2.4-1ubuntu1) を設定しています ...
libxslt1.1:amd64 (1.1.28-2.1) を設定しています ...
lua-lpeg:amd64 (0.12.2-1) を設定しています ...
python-bs4 (4.4.1-1) を設定しています ...
python-pkg-resources (20.7.0-1) を設定しています ...
python-chardet (2.3.0-2) を設定しています ...
python-six (1.10.0-3) を設定しています ...
python-html5lib (0.999-4) を設定しています ...
python-lxml (3.5.0-1build1) を設定しています ...
ndiff (7.01-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
nmap (7.01-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) のトリガを処理しています ...
Command (Scanning ports):
$ sudo nmap -sT -P0 -p 1-65535 123.456.789.01
Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-06-10 17:46 JST
Nmap scan report for ab1-123-12345.vs.servername.com (123.456.789.01)
Host is up (0.000091s latency).
Not shown: 65534 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.23 seconds
$ nmap
プログラム 'nmap' はまだインストールされていません。 次のように入力することでインストールできます:
sudo apt install nmap
Command (Installing nmap):
$ sudo apt install nmap
[sudo] username のパスワード:
Result:
パッケージリストを読み込んでいます... 完了
依存関係ツリーを作成しています
状態情報を読み取っています... 完了
以下の追加パッケージがインストールされます:
libblas-common libblas3 liblinear3 liblua5.2-0 libxslt1.1 lua-lpeg ndiff python-bs4 python-chardet python-html5lib python-lxml python-pkg-resources python-six
提案パッケージ:
liblinear-tools liblinear-dev python-genshi python-lxml-dbg python-lxml-doc python-setuptools
以下のパッケージが新たにインストールされます:
libblas-common libblas3 liblinear3 liblua5.2-0 libxslt1.1 lua-lpeg ndiff nmap python-bs4 python-chardet python-html5lib python-lxml python-pkg-resources
python-six
アップグレード: 0 個、新規インストール: 14 個、削除: 0 個、保留: 0 個。
6,311 kB のアーカイブを取得する必要があります。
この操作後に追加で 28.1 MB のディスク容量が消費されます。
続行しますか? [Y/n] Y
取得:1 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libblas-common amd64 3.6.0-2ubuntu2 [5,342 B]
取得:2 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libblas3 amd64 3.6.0-2ubuntu2 [147 kB]
取得:3 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liblinear3 amd64 2.1.0+dfsg-1 [39.3 kB]
取得:4 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 liblua5.2-0 amd64 5.2.4-1ubuntu1 [106 kB]
取得:5 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 libxslt1.1 amd64 1.1.28-2.1 [145 kB]
取得:6 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 lua-lpeg amd64 0.12.2-1 [28.3 kB]
取得:7 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-bs4 all 4.4.1-1 [64.2 kB]
取得:8 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-pkg-resources all 20.7.0-1 [108 kB]
取得:9 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-chardet all 2.3.0-2 [96.3 kB]
取得:10 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-six all 1.10.0-3 [10.9 kB]
取得:11 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-html5lib all 0.999-4 [83.1 kB]
取得:12 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 python-lxml amd64 3.5.0-1build1 [819 kB]
取得:13 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 ndiff all 7.01-2ubuntu2 [20.1 kB]
取得:14 http://jp.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial/main amd64 nmap amd64 7.01-2ubuntu2 [4,638 kB]
6,311 kB を 0秒 で取得しました (8,446 kB/s)
以前に未選択のパッケージ libblas-common を選択しています。
(データベースを読み込んでいます ... 現在 64750 個のファイルとディレクトリがインストールされています。)
.../libblas-common_3.6.0-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
libblas-common (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ libblas3 を選択しています。
.../libblas3_3.6.0-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
libblas3 (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ liblinear3:amd64 を選択しています。
.../liblinear3_2.1.0+dfsg-1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
liblinear3:amd64 (2.1.0+dfsg-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ liblua5.2-0:amd64 を選択しています。
.../liblua5.2-0_5.2.4-1ubuntu1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
liblua5.2-0:amd64 (5.2.4-1ubuntu1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ libxslt1.1:amd64 を選択しています。
.../libxslt1.1_1.1.28-2.1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
libxslt1.1:amd64 (1.1.28-2.1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ lua-lpeg:amd64 を選択しています。
.../lua-lpeg_0.12.2-1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
lua-lpeg:amd64 (0.12.2-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-bs4 を選択しています。
.../python-bs4_4.4.1-1_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-bs4 (4.4.1-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-pkg-resources を選択しています。
.../python-pkg-resources_20.7.0-1_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-pkg-resources (20.7.0-1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-chardet を選択しています。
.../python-chardet_2.3.0-2_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-chardet (2.3.0-2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-six を選択しています。
.../python-six_1.10.0-3_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-six (1.10.0-3) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-html5lib を選択しています。
.../python-html5lib_0.999-4_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-html5lib (0.999-4) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ python-lxml を選択しています。
.../python-lxml_3.5.0-1build1_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
python-lxml (3.5.0-1build1) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ ndiff を選択しています。
.../ndiff_7.01-2ubuntu2_all.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
ndiff (7.01-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
以前に未選択のパッケージ nmap を選択しています。
.../nmap_7.01-2ubuntu2_amd64.deb を展開する準備をしています ...
nmap (7.01-2ubuntu2) を展開しています...
libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) のトリガを処理しています ...
man-db (2.7.5-1) のトリガを処理しています ...
libblas-common (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
libblas3 (3.6.0-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
update-alternatives: /usr/lib/libblas.so.3 (libblas.so.3) を提供するために自動モードで /usr/lib/libblas/libblas.so.3 を使います
liblinear3:amd64 (2.1.0+dfsg-1) を設定しています ...
liblua5.2-0:amd64 (5.2.4-1ubuntu1) を設定しています ...
libxslt1.1:amd64 (1.1.28-2.1) を設定しています ...
lua-lpeg:amd64 (0.12.2-1) を設定しています ...
python-bs4 (4.4.1-1) を設定しています ...
python-pkg-resources (20.7.0-1) を設定しています ...
python-chardet (2.3.0-2) を設定しています ...
python-six (1.10.0-3) を設定しています ...
python-html5lib (0.999-4) を設定しています ...
python-lxml (3.5.0-1build1) を設定しています ...
ndiff (7.01-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
nmap (7.01-2ubuntu2) を設定しています ...
libc-bin (2.23-0ubuntu3) のトリガを処理しています ...
Command (Scanning ports):
$ sudo nmap -sT -P0 -p 1-65535 123.456.789.01
Starting Nmap 7.01 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2016-06-10 17:46 JST
Nmap scan report for ab1-123-12345.vs.servername.com (123.456.789.01)
Host is up (0.000091s latency).
Not shown: 65534 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 2.23 seconds
ラベル:
Network enumeration,
Nmap
Secure Shell: sshd_config: Disable Password Login
Command (Duplicating configuration file):
root@remote:/etc/ssh# cp -p sshd_config sshd_config.org
Command (Displaying original configuration file):
root@remote:/etc/ssh# cat sshd_config.org
Result (Displaying original configuration file):
# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details
# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024
# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes
# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication yes
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net
# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes
Command (Displaying configuration file after modification):
root@remote:/etc/ssh# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Result (Displaying configuration file after modification):
# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details
# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024
# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin no
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes
# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
PasswordAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net
# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM no
Command (Comparing configuration files before and after):
root@remote:/etc/ssh# diff sshd_config sshd_config.org
28c28
< PermitRootLogin no
---
> PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
52c52
< PasswordAuthentication no
---
> #PasswordAuthentication yes
88c88
< UsePAM no
---
> UsePAM yes
root@remote:/etc/ssh# cp -p sshd_config sshd_config.org
Command (Displaying original configuration file):
root@remote:/etc/ssh# cat sshd_config.org
Result (Displaying original configuration file):
# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details
# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024
# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes
# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
#PasswordAuthentication yes
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net
# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM yes
Command (Displaying configuration file after modification):
root@remote:/etc/ssh# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config
Result (Displaying configuration file after modification):
# Package generated configuration file
# See the sshd_config(5) manpage for details
# What ports, IPs and protocols we listen for
Port 22
# Use these options to restrict which interfaces/protocols sshd will bind to
#ListenAddress ::
#ListenAddress 0.0.0.0
Protocol 2
# HostKeys for protocol version 2
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ecdsa_key
HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key
#Privilege Separation is turned on for security
UsePrivilegeSeparation yes
# Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key
KeyRegenerationInterval 3600
ServerKeyBits 1024
# Logging
SyslogFacility AUTH
LogLevel INFO
# Authentication:
LoginGraceTime 120
PermitRootLogin no
StrictModes yes
RSAAuthentication yes
PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile %h/.ssh/authorized_keys
# Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files
IgnoreRhosts yes
# For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh_known_hosts
RhostsRSAAuthentication no
# similar for protocol version 2
HostbasedAuthentication no
# Uncomment if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for RhostsRSAAuthentication
#IgnoreUserKnownHosts yes
# To enable empty passwords, change to yes (NOT RECOMMENDED)
PermitEmptyPasswords no
# Change to yes to enable challenge-response passwords (beware issues with
# some PAM modules and threads)
ChallengeResponseAuthentication no
# Change to no to disable tunnelled clear text passwords
PasswordAuthentication no
# Kerberos options
#KerberosAuthentication no
#KerberosGetAFSToken no
#KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes
#KerberosTicketCleanup yes
# GSSAPI options
#GSSAPIAuthentication no
#GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes
X11Forwarding yes
X11DisplayOffset 10
PrintMotd no
PrintLastLog yes
TCPKeepAlive yes
#UseLogin no
#MaxStartups 10:30:60
#Banner /etc/issue.net
# Allow client to pass locale environment variables
AcceptEnv LANG LC_*
Subsystem sftp /usr/lib/openssh/sftp-server
# Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing,
# and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will
# be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication and
# PasswordAuthentication. Depending on your PAM configuration,
# PAM authentication via ChallengeResponseAuthentication may bypass
# the setting of "PermitRootLogin without-password".
# If you just want the PAM account and session checks to run without
# PAM authentication, then enable this but set PasswordAuthentication
# and ChallengeResponseAuthentication to 'no'.
UsePAM no
Command (Comparing configuration files before and after):
root@remote:/etc/ssh# diff sshd_config sshd_config.org
28c28
< PermitRootLogin no
---
> PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
52c52
< PasswordAuthentication no
---
> #PasswordAuthentication yes
88c88
< UsePAM no
---
> UsePAM yes
Thursday, June 9, 2016
Derek McAuley: Security of Data on Disk
Secure Shell: Logging In Without Password After Placing Public Key on Remote Server
Command:
$ ssh remote.servername.com
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-22-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
Last login: Thu Jun 9 21:33:51 2016 from 123.456.789.01
$ ssh remote.servername.com
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-22-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
Last login: Thu Jun 9 21:33:51 2016 from 123.456.789.01
Secure Shell: authorized_keys: Placing the public key on the remote server
Commands:
$ ssh username@remote.servername.com
username@remote.servername.com's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-22-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
Last login: Tue May 17 21:41:16 2016 from 123.456.789.01
$ ls -al
合計 40
drwxr-xr-x 4 username username 4096 6月 9 21:04 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 5月 12 22:42 ..
-rw------- 1 username username 1770 5月 17 21:40 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 220 5月 12 22:42 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 3771 5月 12 22:42 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 username username 4096 5月 12 22:50 .cache
drwxrwxr-x 2 username username 4096 5月 17 00:09 .nano
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 675 5月 12 22:42 .profile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 username username 66 5月 17 00:09 .selected_editor
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 0 5月 12 22:52 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 400 6月 9 21:04 id_rsa.pub
$ cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yd2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDNN6bT33VQ4CXWmFBx0H428yw/SHwARc91vc/Z/CExXrjUb3uhUaHb4EHCl7/pXpJgyyRr6dE5sl2FlE3jPWua2ooZ3uXof7NkiK2WMPVDpWZeKE2zxynEg5yPw41AtwyxI+Y15Hbt4WNEEhXsHunCu+ekGf3d3w67VCxGz8aA1Tbxe6zOs3e9VXNrgQW99ycD5xtXAXh8x5Jt+HhgAma5P7+gQ0rSMKSYsxKxr7TcR1k5yg9uC02u8NgqjuQDXoqLO9I+CGxv1rfFyl6n8fUlclPFgftJzYK9JuzHxEl3yMFSH/izSviYKp0MTph1dH3UWa5DiIAf8blDmZVkPCkT
$ mkdir .ssh
$ chmod 700 .ssh/
$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
$ chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
$ cd .ssh/
$ ls -al
合計 12
drwx------ 2 username username 4096 6月 9 21:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 username username 4096 6月 9 21:35 ..
-rw------- 1 username username 400 6月 9 21:36 authorized_keys
$ cat authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yd2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDNN6bT33VQ4CXWmFBx0H428yw/SHwARc91vc/Z/CExXrjUb3uhUaHb4EHCl7/pXpJgyyRr6dE5sl2FlE3jPWua2ooZ3uXof7NkiK2WMPVDpWZeKE2zxynEg5yPw41AtwyxI+Y15Hbt4WNEEhXsHunCu+ekGf3d3w67VCxGz8aA1Tbxe6zOs3e9VXNrgQW99ycD5xtXAXh8x5Jt+HhgAma5P7+gQ0rSMKSYsxKxr7TcR1k5yg9uC02u8NgqjuQDXoqLO9I+CGxv1rfFyl6n8fUlclPFgftJzYK9JuzHxEl3yMFSH/izSviYKp0MTph1dH3UWa5DiIAf8blDmZVkPCkT
Man page (sshd):
$ ssh username@remote.servername.com
username@remote.servername.com's password:
Welcome to Ubuntu 16.04 LTS (GNU/Linux 4.4.0-22-generic x86_64)
* Documentation: https://help.ubuntu.com/
Last login: Tue May 17 21:41:16 2016 from 123.456.789.01
$ ls -al
合計 40
drwxr-xr-x 4 username username 4096 6月 9 21:04 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 5月 12 22:42 ..
-rw------- 1 username username 1770 5月 17 21:40 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 220 5月 12 22:42 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 3771 5月 12 22:42 .bashrc
drwx------ 2 username username 4096 5月 12 22:50 .cache
drwxrwxr-x 2 username username 4096 5月 17 00:09 .nano
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 675 5月 12 22:42 .profile
-rw-rw-r-- 1 username username 66 5月 17 00:09 .selected_editor
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 0 5月 12 22:52 .sudo_as_admin_successful
-rw-r--r-- 1 username username 400 6月 9 21:04 id_rsa.pub
$ cat id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yd2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDNN6bT33VQ4CXWmFBx0H428yw/SHwARc91vc/Z/CExXrjUb3uhUaHb4EHCl7/pXpJgyyRr6dE5sl2FlE3jPWua2ooZ3uXof7NkiK2WMPVDpWZeKE2zxynEg5yPw41AtwyxI+Y15Hbt4WNEEhXsHunCu+ekGf3d3w67VCxGz8aA1Tbxe6zOs3e9VXNrgQW99ycD5xtXAXh8x5Jt+HhgAma5P7+gQ0rSMKSYsxKxr7TcR1k5yg9uC02u8NgqjuQDXoqLO9I+CGxv1rfFyl6n8fUlclPFgftJzYK9JuzHxEl3yMFSH/izSviYKp0MTph1dH3UWa5DiIAf8blDmZVkPCkT
$ mkdir .ssh
$ chmod 700 .ssh/
$ cat id_rsa.pub >> .ssh/authorized_keys
$ chmod 600 .ssh/authorized_keys
$ cd .ssh/
$ ls -al
合計 12
drwx------ 2 username username 4096 6月 9 21:36 .
drwxr-xr-x 5 username username 4096 6月 9 21:35 ..
-rw------- 1 username username 400 6月 9 21:36 authorized_keys
$ cat authorized_keys
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yd2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDNN6bT33VQ4CXWmFBx0H428yw/SHwARc91vc/Z/CExXrjUb3uhUaHb4EHCl7/pXpJgyyRr6dE5sl2FlE3jPWua2ooZ3uXof7NkiK2WMPVDpWZeKE2zxynEg5yPw41AtwyxI+Y15Hbt4WNEEhXsHunCu+ekGf3d3w67VCxGz8aA1Tbxe6zOs3e9VXNrgQW99ycD5xtXAXh8x5Jt+HhgAma5P7+gQ0rSMKSYsxKxr7TcR1k5yg9uC02u8NgqjuQDXoqLO9I+CGxv1rfFyl6n8fUlclPFgftJzYK9JuzHxEl3yMFSH/izSviYKp0MTph1dH3UWa5DiIAf8blDmZVkPCkT
Man page (sshd):
~/.ssh/authorized_keys
Lists the public keys (DSA, ECDSA, Ed25519, RSA) that can be used for logging in as this user. The format of this file is described above. The content of the file is not highly sensitive, but the recommended permissions are read/write for the user, and not accessible by others. If this file, the ~/.ssh directory, or the user's home directory are writable by other users, then the file could be modified or replaced by unauthorized users. In this case, sshd will not allow it to be used unless the StrictModes option has been set to “no”.
Secure Copy (scp): Sending Public Key to Remote Server
Command:
$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub username@remote.servername.com:~/
username@remote.servername.com's password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 400 0.4KB/s 00:00
$ scp .ssh/id_rsa.pub username@remote.servername.com:~/
username@remote.servername.com's password:
id_rsa.pub 100% 400 0.4KB/s 00:00
ラベル:
Secure copy,
Secure Shell
ssh-keygen: Generating Private and Public Keys (公開鍵と秘密鍵を作る)
Commands:
$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa):
/Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa already exists.
Overwrite (y/n)? y
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:xCFSgzCQb5J5yjX911Xvdav018XVmXbfibdoEYxjXs0
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa.
Your public key has been saved in /Users/username/.ssh/id_rsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:xCFSgzCQb5J5yjX911Xvdav018XVmXbfibdoEYxjXs0
$ ls -l .ssh/
total 24
-rw------- 1 username staff 1679 Jun 4 2014 id_rsa
-rw-r--r-- 1 username staff 394 Jun 4 2014 id_rsa.pub
-rw-r--r-- 1 username staff 1118 May 16 10:26 known_hosts
$ cat .ssh/id_rsa
-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----
$ cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa AAAAB3NzaC1yd2EAAAADAQABAAABAQDNN6bT33VQ4CXWmFBx0H428yw/SHwARc91vc/Z/CExXrjUb3uhUaHb4EHCl7/pXpJgyyRr6dE5sl2FlE3jPWua2ooZ3uXof7NkiK2WMPVDpWZeKE2zxynEg5yPw41AtwyxI+Y15Hbt4WNEEhXsHunCu+ekGf3d3w67VCxGz8aA1Tbxe6zOs3e9VXNrgQW99ycD5xtXAXh8x5Jt+HhgAma5P7+gQ0rSMKSYsxKxr7TcR1k5yg9uC02u8NgqjuQDXoqLO9I+CGxv1rfFyl6n8fUlclPFgftJzYK9JuzHxEl3yMFSH/izSviYKp0MTph1dH3UWa5DiIAf8blDmZVkPCkT OpenShift-Key
Vocabularies:
- Public-key cryptography (公開鍵暗号)
- Symmetric-key algorithm (共通鍵暗号)
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